分类：未分类
章草是隶书发展过程中出现的一种新书体，是隶书的简便的草写法，所以章草不仅带有隶书的特点，同时也含有草书的因素，在形体上，既有草书的连绵，亦有隶书的波磔。章草的一些主要特征，如字字不相连续，笔画分清，保留了隶书笔画的某些特征。
《急就章》便是章草的典型代表。《急就章》传为皇象书。皇象，字体明广陵江都人。官至青州刺史。三国吴著名书法家。善八分，小篆，尤善章草。他的草书与曹不兴绘画，严武的围棋等并称“八绝。”《急就章》是古代的识字课本，以皇象写本最早。前人对皇象书法评价甚高，唐张怀瑾曰：“右军隶书，以一形而众相，万字皆别；休明章草，相众而形一，万字皆同，各造其极。”可见他创造了“相众而形一”的书风，在书法史上有重要意义。
为了更好的临习《急就章》，首先要掌握《急就章》的艺术特点和艺术风格：
一、正中寓欹，平中见奇。
《急就章》字体结构端庄中寓灵动，平稳肃穆，平正中寓含奇姿，点画穿插避让，朝揖互让，情趣备增。字形以体势方扁为主，笔短意长，并根据字形间长方形或正方形，注意协调变化，呼应连贯。
二、用笔沉稳，不激不历。
《急就章》用笔沉稳，方圆结合，线条直而棱角分明，给人以宁折不屈的力度，结体扁而方，少有纵逸之笔。用笔的方圆主要是指笔画起笔处的形状和笔的运行方式。《急就章》方笔用顿法，带有楷书和隶书的方折笔意；圆笔用提法，带有篆书和草书的圆润笔意。如字的转弯处多用圆笔，起笔等多用方笔。方笔方折峻利，神采外溢，圆笔圆转沉毅，筋骨内蕴。《急就章》中字体方笔和圆笔结合，既有筋骨，又有神采，尽善尽美。圆以方为参照，圆者愈见圆，方以圆为参照，方者愈见方。
三、暗含隶意，古趣盎然。
对于章草，宋代书法家黄伯思说：“凡草分波磔者，名章草。非此者，但谓之草。”（《东观余论》）《急就章》的结体、笔画都有其规律可循。一般来说，它虽然在一定程度上打破了篆、隶严整的间架结构，但仍保持平正稳定如彝之姿，十分浑穆古朴。特别其运笔保留着隶书某些重要特征，每字的起笔、收笔还保留隶书用笔的方法。更为明显的是，有不少横笔的尾部写成捺脚状，向右上方挑出，和隶书的波折十分相似。
四、笔画向背，字形开合。
《急就章》由于字字多以工整为主，笔画与笔画平行则容易单调呆板。为避免单调呆板，要使笔画有向背关系。
“向背”包括“相向”和“相背”两种关系。尤其是写相同的笔画，如两竖、两横、两撇、两捺等，如笔画没有相向或相背关系，很容易写成平行。《急就章》特别强调笔画的向背对比，故生动活泼，变化无穷。如“开”字，外面的门框是相向关系，时面的两竖和两横都是相背关系。
有开无合，字则散漫无神，有合无开，字则气塞不畅。中国书法结构法中讲究布白变化，开合变化其实就是布白变化的一种。合处白少，开处白多。《急就章》的“所”、“第”等字，上部笔画内敛，下部笔画外放，成为上合下开之形。 也有的字上部笔画向外宕开，下部笔画向内收紧，成为上开下合之形。
对于临习，唐孙过庭有句名言：“察之者尚精，拟之者贵似。”所谓“察”即看、读；“拟”，即写。读是为写做准备的，读得精与不精对临写效果影响极大。怎才算“精”，我认为至少要做到“三明白”：明白所临之贴的内容；明白每字的形体结构特点及姿态；明白每个字笔法的来龙去脉、轻重缓急、提按顿挫等，从而找出线条运动的规律。这是临摹取得好效果的前提。
临摹字帖要达到的基本目标，不但形似，神也要似。形神是相辅相成、相得益彰的。形是显见的，写起来比较好把握；神则是内在的，包括骨、气、韵、意等，属于精神层面。临帖索画逐形之最终目的，是通过对“画”和“形”的研究，探索用笔的艺术规律。因此，在临帖中，要十分注意练其笔，悟其心，得古人心手双双融于笔墨的诀窍.
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How to Select the Right Research Paper Topics
If you are rechtschreibprufung writing a research paper, there are a lot of things to think about. A good topic is one that you are passionate about and possess plenty of experience. Before you begin writing, you should be able to create an outline. This will give you ideas for what you’ll write about. There are plenty of sources for topics, way too many to count. Let’s look at some.
One of the most popular research paper topics is argumentative research paper topics. This is a great way to collect your data and get started thinking about it. This is a great way to get someone else to read your work and to give their opinion. You can write a lot about the United States, but you can only write about one country. This will let you highlight the arguments that the United States has used throughout the years and show their effectiveness. This is an excellent way to connect correcteur orthographe with your audience and make your research paper stand out.
College students are another option for arguments for research papers, especially if they are new to college. You should think carefully about what subjects you choose to study, especially in the event that you intend to write about something that may be controversial to other students in college. Some subjects you could research include issues related to grade inflation, body image and eating disorders.
You could also research controversial topics. These research papers could be about religion, politics, sex, drugs, and other such controversial subjects. These papers are always a great topic because they attract attention. If you have a great subject, other students will want to read your work and discuss it with their peers. This is a method to meet like-minded people.
Economics is another subject for research papers that argue. It is possible to write on macroeconomic issues, or write about microeconomics. It doesn’t matter which topic you choose, as long it’s related to economics, it’s an excellent topic. College students are required to read books on economics. This means that the topics will easily catch their interest.
However, one of the most important points to consider when choosing your argumentative research paper topics is to select something you are passionate about. The most well-known argumentative papers which usually receive the most awards and garner the most attention, are usually written by people who are enthusiastic about the topic that the paper is based on. This is why these topics are so popular. It’s easy to write a research paper on something you care about. However, passion alone does not suffice to write an argument that is convincing.
Another thing to keep in mind when deciding on your research paper topic ideas is how well you are familiar with the subject. Do your research! Before you pick a topic, make sure to do your research. Be sure that the topic is challenging and worth your time. You may want to consider hiring a professional to assist you with your research subject.
One of the most important aspects to remember when you are choosing argumentsative research paper topics is that the majority of students are lazy. They simply go through the course without really spending much time on really learning anything. This is actually a positive thing because it forces students to spend time thinking about and reading their argument. They are forced to think critically and examine the various sides of an issue. Thus, if they do their homework properly they can more easily evaluate their arguments and select an issue that will make people think.
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